You say that it's a malicious intent. Are you sure about this? I remember a recruiter once pitched me for a role in a company I did an internship previously - this was when I was student and started to look for my first job. It's possible that he saw that you were an X with n years of experience and sent it to your current company since they were looking for the same profile.
You mention that your current employer knows that you are looking, and that you are not worried about losing your job. In that case I'd just discard him as a crappy headhunter and move on.
I told him at the end of last week that I didn't like the bait and switch he pulled on me and that I would not work with him again. I didn't take the call he set me up on. He said how he had to repair damage with the client he was courting with my resume.
He kept trying to pitch opportunities Monday to which I didn't respond.
He sent an email to my boss with my resume yesterday.
It's entirely too convenient to be stupidity.
EDIT: I just found out from my boss that there was no prior back and forth between the recruiter and him when the recruiter sent him my resume. My boss didn't respond to emails or calls. The recruiter just sent him my resume.
OK, that headhunter is a scum. But there is no damage from your side. I don't know if you can sue him or not, but if you can there's little to gain from it, so the best would be to just ignore him.
You mention that your current employer knows that you are looking, and that you are not worried about losing your job. In that case I'd just discard him as a crappy headhunter and move on.