Fair division, the win-win solution, etc, also have some roots in the Nash equilibrium (a beautiful mind). Also known as adjusted winner: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adjusted_Winner_procedure

Fair division is really an algorithm based in game theory on fair distribution. There's actually a bit of software based on it... a couple examples:

http://portal.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1352161 http://www.fairoutcomes.com/

and a patent: http://www.patentstorm.us/patents/5983205/description.html

I first read about it because of conflict resolution:http://www.amazon.ca/Fair-Division-Cake-Cutting-Dispute-Reso...

There's also some interesting analogies in OS, multi agent systems, and Database conflict resolution. But that's probably for another thread.