I have tried Bash namerefs. I found them to be kinda awkward, since you need to name them uniquely. So, you have to pretend that they are global variables, even though they are declared inside a function, which makes their usage verbose.

Here, this could look like:

  split_by_double_dash() {
    declare -n split_by_double_dash_before=$1
    declare -n split_by_double_dash_after=$2
    
    split_by_double_dash_before=()
    split_by_double_dash_after=()

    ...
  }