> The billion dollars mistake is not having nulls, you need some concept of null. > The mistake was allowing nulls to be a valid value for all pointers/reference at the type level.

Hence I call it "implicit nulls" in my post. I know `null` as a concept is important, even if you have it as `Unit`, `Void` or `Nothing`.

You are totally right thought that in languages that do not force you to specify types it is basically needed as you cannot hint a type to begin with.