A non-conscious animal may see a predator and get scared
This is maybe just a matter of definition, but I find it highly unlikely that that scenario exists. "Seeing" a predator already requires so much higher-level processing (not just the visual cues, but the analysis and classification) that I find it unlikely the animal does not have a working distinction between intra-body and outside-world sensations.
The problem with defining "consciousness" is that we do not have reliable inter-species communication to compare notes between species, so our definition of consciousness itself is hampered by the ability to communicate that sense of consciousness to each other. Already in your post, there's seven different interpretations of what "consciousness" could actually mean:
- ability to recall past experiences ("emotions", "memory")
- awareness of the self ("impulses", "selfhood")
- ability to conceive experiences that do not correspond with sensory inputs ("imagination")
- meta-awareness of instinctual reactions ("if it knows that it's scared because of the predator")
- introspection ("our ability to understand our own interests and behaviors")
- empathy ("and those of others")
- communicating our sense of self to others ("express them with language")
Personally, I think we should assume that all animal species possess the first four, all large mammals can do the first five, and many species have the ability to do the sixth (it's been proven in dogs, apes, parrots, crows, and dolphins -- and probably others).
All the things you mentioned are products of evolution invented for the purpose of increasing survival rate. For example emotions serve us mammals to bond with each other, bring us closer together so that we help each other in order to survive.
This is maybe just a matter of definition, but I find it highly unlikely that that scenario exists. "Seeing" a predator already requires so much higher-level processing (not just the visual cues, but the analysis and classification) that I find it unlikely the animal does not have a working distinction between intra-body and outside-world sensations.
The problem with defining "consciousness" is that we do not have reliable inter-species communication to compare notes between species, so our definition of consciousness itself is hampered by the ability to communicate that sense of consciousness to each other. Already in your post, there's seven different interpretations of what "consciousness" could actually mean:
- ability to recall past experiences ("emotions", "memory")
- awareness of the self ("impulses", "selfhood")
- ability to conceive experiences that do not correspond with sensory inputs ("imagination")
- meta-awareness of instinctual reactions ("if it knows that it's scared because of the predator")
- introspection ("our ability to understand our own interests and behaviors")
- empathy ("and those of others")
- communicating our sense of self to others ("express them with language")
Personally, I think we should assume that all animal species possess the first four, all large mammals can do the first five, and many species have the ability to do the sixth (it's been proven in dogs, apes, parrots, crows, and dolphins -- and probably others).