No, I don't think that's the same problem / the same solution. A source map translates between a layout checked into the code and a format generated at build time. I'm talking about translating between a layout in a developer's local workspace and the layout checked into the code.
Since the developer can choose whatever formatting options they want, there isn't a single source map that can be referenced in the compiled version of the code, so backtraces etc. So the transformation cannot be done at the point the error is displayed (compiler output or backtrace output), it has to be done in the context of the developer's local workspace.
I think source maps could probably be inspiration for solving this problem, but I don't think they would work directly - and even if they did, the real problem here is not designing a solution, it's getting everyone's IDEs to work properly with it. Source maps work largely because the major browsers know how to deal with source maps in JS. You'd have to extend this to all the other ecosystems, at the very least.
We don't ship source maps on production apps. This is for JS apps but also similar with executables and debug files.
All the logging is done trough some service like Sentry, but exactly where the error happened is opaque in the client-side. Sentry is responsible for doing the sourcemap translation.
The only difference is that with "personalized" formatting, the source mapping would be done based on the user that is logged to Sentry.
That's it.
Of course there are other workflows such as support getting errors displayed directly to customers via copy-paste, or reading server logs to look for those errors, but for apps where you have a logging solution you don't need to rely on those.