All they have is correlation and they paint a narrative of "causes", ugh.
> In addition to the links between levels of internet addiction and poor study motivation and ability, internet addiction was found to be associated with increased loneliness. The results indicated that loneliness, in turn, made studying harder for the students.
While they don't use the phrase "causes", the in turn definitely suggests that they think internet addiction causes loneliness. Since we're apparently free to interpret correlation as causation, here's my interpretation:
Loneliness makes studying harder and is major contributing factor in internet addiction.
> In addition to the links between levels of internet addiction and poor study motivation and ability, internet addiction was found to be associated with increased loneliness. The results indicated that loneliness, in turn, made studying harder for the students.
While they don't use the phrase "causes", the in turn definitely suggests that they think internet addiction causes loneliness. Since we're apparently free to interpret correlation as causation, here's my interpretation:
Loneliness makes studying harder and is major contributing factor in internet addiction.