The only language I know that solved this is Rust. The borrow checker assures that you don't give away a mutable reference to your array and then use it somewhere else.

E.g. you have a function that mutates and one that doesn't, you can't accidentally use the mutated array since the borrow checker won't allow you to use it afterwards.

But if you still want to use the mutated version you have to explicitly return the mutable reference to the caller, making it immediately obvious what you're dealing with.