Do people use Cilk heavily in the high-performance computing world? They did not when I was part of it. I think OpenMP (https://www.openmp.org/) is what more people would reach for. It started as a way to parallelize loops, but has had a task framework for a long time which I believe also allows composeable parallelism.
OpenMP, however, depends on not just compiler extensions, but pragmas, so it tends to not find traction outside of the HPC world.
While extremely elegant and minimalistic, I do not think cilk ever gained much traction. GCC has deprecated it and is removing it. I think that OpenMP was too entrenched in the language extension space (and has since grown at least the potential of cilk like functionality), while more portable libraries (TBB for example) covered everything else.
Yes, Cilk has been enormously influential. I have personally cited it many times. But I always had the impression it was a little too early for its time, and was never picked up by the HPC community, hence my question.
The real gain is with MPI, anyway... shared memory is a trap. All the projects I've worked on have exploited parallelism through message passing, or a battle tested multithreaded linear algebra library.
There are many techniques and calling any of them the one solution and all others a trap is extremely myopic. Shared memory is extremely useful for IPC and fork join parallelism.
My understanding is that, at least in c/Fortran/c++ land common practice is openmp within a machine and MPI across machines. I've done some work of the sort but I'm far from an expert though.
GPU is the way to go these days to get most parallelism, and it is definitely the shared memory variety. Message passing is the go to when parallelism needs to cross machine boundaries.
GPU parallelism is highly specialized and requires very specific workloads (e.g., many linear algebra workloads). GPUs are a bad choice for general parallelized tasks.
A quibble: it's not necessarily "heavy numeric" problems, but problems where the calculations involve extensive data-reuse. (Of which matrix operations are the most obvious.) The GPU is massively parallel, but the up-front cost of transferring data to the GPU is quite high.
Hence, in order for that up-front cost to be worth it, the algorithms run on the GPU need to re-use that data many times. If the algorithms running on the GPU don't make extensive reuse of the data sent to it, it would be faster to just do the calculation on the host CPU.
OpenMP, however, depends on not just compiler extensions, but pragmas, so it tends to not find traction outside of the HPC world.