No, it's way worse, because you have to write the error handling multiple times even if it is all the same (and it usually is).
For example, in Java, I can make as many method calls I want inside of a try block, and catch an exception from any one of them in the catch block. In Go, I would need the equivalent of one catch block per method call, in the form of "if err != nil { return err }". Why repeat yourself?
If you want to pass on an error in Go, its easy to do accidentally -- just omit "if err != nil". Both types of exception handling models enable this kind of behavior. If you are going to do it, you might as well not repeat yourself while you are doing it.
You can, but you should not be forced to do so. I could easily do that in Java if I wanted to, but I also have the flexibility to handle them all in the same way, or pass them back to the caller (which the right thing to do 99% of the time), with a very small amount of code.
To be honest moaning about Go idioms is like moaning that Java is object orientated or Lisp has too many braces. If you don't like the idioms of a particular language then don't use that langauge. There's plenty of others to choose from. But moaning that language x should be more like language y is just daft as it misses the point of why language x decided to do something different in the first place.
I'm not saying Go's error handling is better than Java's. But I've written some relatively large and complicated projects in Go (like the Linux $SHELL and REPL scripting language I'm currently coding this very moment) and error handling really is the least of the problems I've been having. Sure, Go's idioms do get in my way from time to time. But on balance Go's idioms save me more time than it wastes. Which is why I keep coming back to Go despite having used more than a dozen other languages in anger. But that's my workflow and my personal preference. Others will find the reverse to be true and I wouldn't be complaining that their language should be more like Go.
Frankly I think people waste too much time comparing languages. Just try something and if it doesn't work, move on. Don't assume your personal preference is a benchmark for how all languages should be designed as there will be a million other developers whose personal preference will exactly oppose you.
I remember in Python some class / module would have different fields in the error object, so it was really difficult to do something meaningful with those errors.
There is also the switch case you need to make when catching an error, like tcp connection then dns resolution and so on, you have to know every time any kind of sub errors.
Frankly, I've never seen that (try / catch / ignore exception) in any commercial codebase I've worked on, running into tens of millions of lines.
The worst I've seen is people logging the error message but not the exception itself (so losing the stack trace), or causing another exception to be thrown (and losing the stack trace or cause of the original).